Frederik Willem de Klerk, the former South African president who negotiated the end of apartheid with Nelson Mandela after spending years upholding the system of white minority rule, left a last message of apology to his nation.
De Klerk died at his home in Cape Town on Thursday after finding out in March 2021 that he had lung cancer. He was 85.
“Let me today in this last message repeat: I, without qualification, apologise for the pain, the hurt and the indignity and the damage that apartheid has done to black, brown and Indians in South Africa,” Mr de Klerk said in the video.
After taking power in 1989, De Klerk removed a ban on the pro-democracy African National Congress, released Mandela from jail and managed the nation’s first all-race elections in 1994. He and Mandela were awarded the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for securing a smooth transition to democracy.
De Klerk “had the courage to admit that a terrible wrong had been done to our country and people through the imposition of the system of apartheid,” Mandela said in his Nobel prize acceptance speech.
“He had the foresight to understand and accept that all the people of South Africa must, through negotiations and as equal participants in the process, together determine what they want to make of their future.”
We were the products of our time and circumstances
FW de Klerk,
former president of South Africa
Born in Johannesburg on March 18, 1936, De Klerk worked as a lawyer until 1972, when he became a politician for the pro-segregation National Party.
Six years later, Prime Minister John Vorster appointed De Klerk as minister of posts and telecommunications, the first of several Cabinet positions he held. During his tenure as education minister, he pushed for racial segregation in universities.
"It is true that in my younger years I defended separate development as I never liked the word apartheid. I did so when I was a member of parliament and I did so as I became a member of Cabinet. Afterwards on many occasions I apologised for the pain and indignity that apartheid has brought to persons," Mr de Klerk said in his last video.
De Klerk came to power in 1989 after President Pieter Willem Botha suffered a stroke and the National Party leadership deemed him no longer fit to govern.
After negotiating an end to white minority rule, De Klerk gave a qualified apology for apartheid, admitting it was unjust and oppressive.
“Like any other people in the world at any time in history, we were the products of our time and circumstances,” he wrote in his 1999 autobiography The Last Trek, a New Beginning.
The former government feared if apartheid was abolished that “our people would be swamped by the vast black majority, and that this would inevitably lead to the extinction of our own hard-won right to national self-determination”.
He also started a foundation to promote democracy and uphold the rights enshrined in the constitution negotiated at the end of apartheid rule. Over the past few years, De Klerk was a vocal critic of the government, accusing it of failing to uphold the rule of law and tackle corruption.
While De Klerk was well regarded abroad, many of his black countrymen felt he did not take adequate responsibility for atrocities committed under his watch.
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission, formed to investigate apartheid-era abuses, produced evidence showing De Klerk was present at a meeting of the State Security Council, where the assassination of a pro-democracy activist was authorised. De Klerk denied doing anything illegal.
“Neither I, nor I am sure the great majority of my colleagues in former Cabinets, were involved in or aware of the gross violation of human rights committed by some operatives,” De Klerk wrote in his autobiography. “We deny responsibility for actions of which we were not informed, which we would have not approved.”
Archbishop Desmond Tutu, who headed the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, said he had personally told De Klerk about abuses taking place during his rule and that the president could not possibly have been ignorant of them.
The commission omitted its finding on De Klerk from its final report in 1998, after he threatened to sue to halt publication.
De Klerk was married twice and had three children. He divorced his first wife, Marike, in 1997. She was strangled at her Cape Town apartment in 2001 by a security guard who worked at her apartment complex.
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Our family matters legal consultant
Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais
Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.
Tomb%20Raider%20I%E2%80%93III%20Remastered
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The years Ramadan fell in May
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- Premier League-standard football pitch
- 400m Olympic running track
- NBA-spec basketball court with auditorium
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- An elevated football field that doubles as a helipad
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Notable salonnières of the Middle East through history
Al Khasan (Okaz, Saudi Arabia)
Tamadir bint Amr Al Harith, known simply as Al Khasan, was a poet from Najd famed for elegies, earning great renown for the eulogy of her brothers Mu’awiyah and Sakhr, both killed in tribal wars. Although not a salonnière, this prestigious 7th century poet fostered a culture of literary criticism and could be found standing in the souq of Okaz and reciting her poetry, publicly pronouncing her views and inviting others to join in the debate on scholarship. She later converted to Islam.
Maryana Marrash (Aleppo)
A poet and writer, Marrash helped revive the tradition of the salon and was an active part of the Nadha movement, or Arab Renaissance. Born to an established family in Aleppo in Ottoman Syria in 1848, Marrash was educated at missionary schools in Aleppo and Beirut at a time when many women did not receive an education. After touring Europe, she began to host salons where writers played chess and cards, competed in the art of poetry, and discussed literature and politics. An accomplished singer and canon player, music and dancing were a part of these evenings.
Princess Nazil Fadil (Cairo)
Princess Nazil Fadil gathered religious, literary and political elite together at her Cairo palace, although she stopped short of inviting women. The princess, a niece of Khedive Ismail, believed that Egypt’s situation could only be solved through education and she donated her own property to help fund the first modern Egyptian University in Cairo.
Mayy Ziyadah (Cairo)
Ziyadah was the first to entertain both men and women at her Cairo salon, founded in 1913. The writer, poet, public speaker and critic, her writing explored language, religious identity, language, nationalism and hierarchy. Born in Nazareth, Palestine, to a Lebanese father and Palestinian mother, her salon was open to different social classes and earned comparisons with souq of where Al Khansa herself once recited.
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Name: Carzaty
Founders: Marwan Chaar and Hassan Jaffar
Launched: 2017
Employees: 22
Based: Dubai and Muscat
Sector: Automobile retail
Funding to date: $5.5 million
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One-and-a-half out of five stars
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Fatima Al Darmaki is an Emirati widow with three children
She has received 46 certificates of appreciation and excellence throughout her career
She won the 'ideal mother' category at the Minister of Interior Awards for Excellence
Her favourite food is Harees, a slow-cooked porridge-like dish made from boiled wheat berries mixed with chicken
Defence review at a glance
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The five pillars of Islam
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2. Prayer
3. Hajj
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WWE Evolution results
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Cinco in numbers
Dh3.7 million
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46
The number, in kilograms, that Swarovski’s wedding gown weighed.
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The hours it took to create Cinco’s vermillion petal gown, as seen in his atelier [note, is the one he’s playing with in the corner of a room]
50
How many looks Cinco has created in a new collection to celebrate Ballet Philippines’ 50th birthday
3,000
The hours needed to create the butterfly gown worn by Aishwarya Rai to the 2018 Cannes Film Festival.
1.1 million
The number of followers that Michael Cinco’s Instagram account has garnered.
